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90330
Table 4.1D – Past Year Initiation of Illicit Drug Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Illicit Drug Use, and Past Year Illicit Drug Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s) PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG TOTAL POPULATION PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PERSONS AT RISK FOR INITIATION1 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. These estimates do not include data from methamphetamine initiation items added in 2007 or methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006.
1 At Risk for Initiation is defined as persons who did not use the substance(s) in their lifetime or used the substance(s) for the first time in the past year.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL 94 106 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.08 0.26 0.30
AGE                
12-25 69 76 0.12 0.13 0.20 0.21 0.42 0.45
12-17 50 53 0.20 0.21 0.25 0.27 0.93 0.96
12-13 22 23 0.26 0.28 0.29 0.31 2.60 2.59
14-15 33 32 0.37 0.37 0.45 0.45 1.71 1.69
16-17 35 38 0.38 0.40 0.55 0.57 1.16 1.20
18-25 47 52 0.14 0.16 0.32 0.33 0.41 0.46
18-20 41 44 0.29 0.31 0.55 0.57 0.77 0.81
21-25 22 34 0.11 0.17 0.28 0.39 0.35 0.52
26 or Older 61 69 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.30 0.35
GENDER                
Male 60 67 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.11 0.29 0.34
Female 73 83 0.06 0.06 0.10 0.11 0.48 0.52
GENDER/AGE                
Male 12-17 37 36 0.29 0.28 0.36 0.35 1.29 1.27
Female 12-17 36 37 0.29 0.30 0.35 0.38 1.38 1.37
90330
Table 4.1P – Past Year Initiation of Illicit Drug Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Illicit Drug Use, and Past Year Illicit Drug Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2008 Versus 2007
Demographic Characteristic NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s) PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG TOTAL POPULATION PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PERSONS AT RISK FOR INITIATION1 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
N/A: Not applicable.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. These estimates do not include data from methamphetamine initiation items added in 2007 or methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006.
1 At Risk for Initiation is defined as persons who did not use the substance(s) in their lifetime or used the substance(s) for the first time in the past year.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL N/A   0.1697   0.1055   0.1063  
AGE                
12-25 N/A   0.2200   0.3007   0.3194  
12-17 N/A   0.5636   0.5983   0.7350  
12-13 N/A   0.2736   0.2889   0.6788  
14-15 N/A   0.5040   0.5106   0.6679  
16-17 N/A   0.5748   0.7037   0.5309  
18-25 N/A   0.1694   0.2851   0.1876  
18-20 N/A   0.8978   1.0000   0.9915  
21-25 N/A   0.0146   0.0261   0.0156  
26 or Older N/A   0.3136   0.2740   0.2595  
GENDER                
Male N/A   0.4388   0.3592   0.1052  
Female N/A   0.2615   0.1865   0.6469  
GENDER/AGE                
Male 12-17 N/A   0.8339   0.7069   0.9593  
Female 12-17 N/A   0.2971   0.2492   0.7166  
90330
Table 4.2D – Past Year Initiation of Marijuana Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use, and Past Year Marijuana Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s) PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG TOTAL POPULATION PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PERSONS AT RISK FOR INITIATION1 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 At Risk for Initiation is defined as persons who did not use the substance(s) in their lifetime or used the substance(s) for the first time in the past year.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL 77 88 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.31 0.34
AGE                
12-25 64 69 0.11 0.12 0.16 0.17 0.49 0.53
12-17 45 49 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.22 1.11 1.18
12-13 13 15 0.15 0.19 0.16 0.19 5.12 5.10
14-15 27 31 0.31 0.35 0.35 0.39 2.20 2.22
16-17 34 34 0.37 0.37 0.48 0.47 1.34 1.34
18-25 45 49 0.14 0.15 0.27 0.28 0.48 0.52
18-20 40 41 0.28 0.29 0.48 0.48 0.86 0.90
21-25 20 31 0.10 0.15 0.22 0.32 0.38 0.59
26 or Older 37 45 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.29 0.33
GENDER                
Male 51 55 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.33 0.37
Female 56 67 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.58 0.62
GENDER/AGE                
Male 12-17 32 34 0.25 0.27 0.29 0.30 1.53 1.58
Female 12-17 32 33 0.26 0.27 0.29 0.30 1.76 1.74
90330
Table 4.2P – Past Year Initiation of Marijuana Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use, and Past Year Marijuana Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2008 Versus 2007
Demographic Characteristic NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s) PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG TOTAL POPULATION PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PERSONS AT RISK FOR INITIATION1 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
N/A: Not applicable.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 At Risk for Initiation is defined as persons who did not use the substance(s) in their lifetime or used the substance(s) for the first time in the past year.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL N/A   0.3815   0.3234   0.6016  
AGE                
12-25 N/A   0.2963   0.3074   0.4817  
12-17 N/A   0.1696   0.1722   0.4364  
12-13 N/A   0.0767   0.0772   0.4524  
14-15 N/A   0.3130   0.3062   0.4072  
16-17 N/A   0.9609   0.9420   0.9453  
18-25 N/A   0.8151   0.8977   0.8583  
18-20 N/A   0.1984   0.2126   0.1102  
21-25 N/A   0.0098   0.0122   0.0084  
26 or Older N/A   0.6888   0.6725   0.7380  
GENDER                
Male N/A   0.8239   0.8165   0.4135  
Female N/A   0.3308   0.2714   0.6464  
GENDER/AGE                
Male 12-17 N/A   0.6607   0.6872   0.5923  
Female 12-17 N/A   0.1362   0.1285   0.6928  
90330
Table 4.3D – Past Year Initiation of Cigarette Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Cigarette Use, and Past Year Cigarette Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s) PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG TOTAL POPULATION PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PERSONS AT RISK FOR INITIATION1 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 At Risk for Initiation is defined as persons who did not use the substance(s) in their lifetime or used the substance(s) for the first time in the past year.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL 71 89 0.03 0.04 0.08 0.10 0.11 0.13
AGE                
12-25 68 79 0.12 0.14 0.20 0.23 0.36 0.40
12-17 48 49 0.19 0.19 0.24 0.24 1.01 1.08
12-13 17 18 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.24 3.58 3.82
14-15 30 30 0.34 0.35 0.41 0.41 1.80 1.92
16-17 35 34 0.39 0.38 0.57 0.55 1.24 1.30
18-25 48 58 0.15 0.17 0.37 0.44 0.32 0.38
18-20 44 52 0.31 0.36 0.64 0.73 0.69 0.78
21-25 22 31 0.11 0.15 0.34 0.45 0.23 0.33
26 or Older 15 31 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.06
GENDER                
Male 49 59 0.04 0.05 0.14 0.16 0.13 0.16
Female 52 65 0.04 0.05 0.10 0.13 0.17 0.20
GENDER/AGE                
Male 12-17 32 30 0.25 0.24 0.31 0.29 1.36 1.42
Female 12-17 34 38 0.28 0.31 0.34 0.37 1.48 1.63
90330
Table 4.3P – Past Year Initiation of Cigarette Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Cigarette Use, and Past Year Cigarette Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2008 Versus 2007
Demographic Characteristic NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s) PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG TOTAL POPULATION PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PERSONS AT RISK FOR INITIATION1 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
N/A: Not applicable.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 At Risk for Initiation is defined as persons who did not use the substance(s) in their lifetime or used the substance(s) for the first time in the past year.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL N/A   0.1382   0.1922   0.0761  
AGE                
12-25 N/A   0.1477   0.2272   0.0941  
12-17 N/A   0.2020   0.3019   0.0121  
12-13 N/A   0.8675   0.8909   0.9661  
14-15 N/A   0.1816   0.2666   0.0104  
16-17 N/A   0.6838   0.9594   0.1434  
18-25 N/A   0.3768   0.5165   0.3484  
18-20 N/A   0.6042   0.6345   0.8664  
21-25 N/A   0.2738   0.3704   0.2154  
26 or Older N/A   0.2056   0.2108   0.1953  
GENDER                
Male N/A   0.2203   0.4044   0.0987  
Female N/A   0.3782   0.3515   0.4012  
GENDER/AGE                
Male 12-17 N/A   0.8565   0.9036   0.1471  
Female 12-17 N/A   0.1275   0.1385   0.0447  
90330
Table 4.4D – Past Year Initiation of Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Alcohol Use, and Past Year Alcohol Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Demographic Characteristic NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s) PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG TOTAL POPULATION PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PERSONS AT RISK FOR INITIATION1 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 At Risk for Initiation is defined as persons who did not use the substance(s) in their lifetime or used the substance(s) for the first time in the past year.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL 111 115 0.04 0.05 0.25 0.24 0.07 0.07
AGE                
12-25 99 93 0.17 0.16 0.38 0.36 0.30 0.28
12-17 69 63 0.27 0.25 0.37 0.34 0.74 0.71
12-13 25 26 0.30 0.32 0.33 0.35 2.31 2.61
14-15 51 44 0.54 0.48 0.71 0.64 1.37 1.33
16-17 49 47 0.54 0.50 0.98 0.87 0.92 0.92
18-25 70 68 0.21 0.21 0.92 0.94 0.27 0.26
18-20 62 60 0.41 0.42 1.22 1.20 0.57 0.58
21-25 43 40 0.21 0.20 1.43 1.46 0.26 0.24
26 or Older 32 50 0.02 0.03 0.13 0.20 0.02 0.04
GENDER                
Male 79 78 0.07 0.06 0.42 0.41 0.09 0.09
Female 76 83 0.06 0.06 0.29 0.30 0.10 0.11
GENDER/AGE                
Male 12-17 49 46 0.38 0.36 0.52 0.49 1.07 1.06
Female 12-17 48 45 0.39 0.37 0.53 0.50 1.03 0.99
90330
Table 4.4P – Past Year Initiation of Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Alcohol Use, and Past Year Alcohol Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2008 Versus 2007
Demographic Characteristic NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s) PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG TOTAL POPULATION PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PERSONS AT RISK FOR INITIATION1 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
N/A: Not applicable.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 At Risk for Initiation is defined as persons who did not use the substance(s) in their lifetime or used the substance(s) for the first time in the past year.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
TOTAL N/A   0.4323   0.4422   0.3585  
AGE                
12-25 N/A   0.2433   0.2889   0.2736  
12-17 N/A   0.2466   0.1454   0.7210  
12-13 N/A   0.4960   0.4830   0.6256  
14-15 N/A   0.2173   0.1973   0.3658  
16-17 N/A   0.6465   0.1397   0.5958  
18-25 N/A   0.6929   0.9498   0.6746  
18-20 N/A   0.8912   0.8785   0.7399  
21-25 N/A   0.4602   0.9066   0.4111  
26 or Older N/A   0.1856   0.1981   0.1913  
GENDER                
Male N/A   0.5546   0.7613   0.4611  
Female N/A   0.5996   0.4843   0.5655  
GENDER/AGE                
Male 12-17 N/A   0.5474   0.2845   0.5737  
Female 12-17 N/A   0.3190   0.3735   0.2430  
90330
Table 4.5D – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 12 or Older: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Substance NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s) PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG TOTAL POPULATION PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PERSONS AT RISK FOR INITIATION1 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
-- Not available.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 At Risk for Initiation is defined as persons who did not use the substance(s) in their lifetime or used the substance(s) for the first time in the past year.
2 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
3 Estimates in these designated rows do not include data from methamphetamine initiation items added in 2007 or methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006.
4 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
5 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS2,3 94 106 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.08 0.26 0.30
Marijuana and Hashish 77 88 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.31 0.34
Cocaine 57 51 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 1.01 1.00
Crack 72 34 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01 4.14 2.88
Heroin 21 23 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 * 4.71
Hallucinogens 61 59 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 1.41 1.43
LSD 23 30 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 3.88 3.00
PCP 11 10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 * *
Ecstasy 53 57 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.18 2.13
Inhalants 47 43 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.31 2.42
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics3,4 117 105 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.69 0.69
Pain Relievers 105 93 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.82 0.80
OxyContin® 49 36 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 3.01 2.47
Tranquilizers 82 72 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 1.48 1.36
Stimulants3 50 49 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 1.67 1.84
Sedatives 29 32 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 3.34 4.22
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA2,3 107 103 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.49 0.51
CIGARETTES 71 89 0.03 0.04 0.08 0.10 0.11 0.13
Daily Cigarette Use5 52 57 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 -- --
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 61 82 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.56 0.68
CIGARS 107 104 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.06 0.41 0.39
ALCOHOL 111 115 0.04 0.05 0.25 0.24 0.07 0.07
90330
Table 4.5P – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 12 or Older: P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2008 Versus 2007
Substance NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s) PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG TOTAL POPULATION PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PERSONS AT RISK FOR INITIATION1 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
N/A: Not applicable.
-- Not available.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 At Risk for Initiation is defined as persons who did not use the substance(s) in their lifetime or used the substance(s) for the first time in the past year.
2 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
3 Estimates in these designated rows do not include data from methamphetamine initiation items added in 2007 or methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006.
4 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
5 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS2,3 N/A   0.1697   0.1055   0.1063  
Marijuana and Hashish N/A   0.3815   0.3234   0.6016  
Cocaine N/A   0.0119   0.0136   0.1339  
Crack N/A   0.0643   0.0641   0.2574  
Heroin N/A   0.8153   0.8157   *  
Hallucinogens N/A   0.4945   0.4394   0.2295  
LSD N/A   0.0013   0.0012   0.2564  
PCP N/A   0.6974   0.7026   *  
Ecstasy N/A   0.1729   0.1690   0.0967  
Inhalants N/A   0.4189   0.4098   0.6435  
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics3,4 N/A   0.7936   0.8630   0.3096  
Pain Relievers N/A   0.9313   0.8453   0.3363  
OxyContin® N/A   0.1845   0.1909   0.1071  
Tranquilizers N/A   0.2984   0.3258   0.5415  
Stimulants3 N/A   0.4833   0.4721   0.7125  
Sedatives N/A   0.6556   0.6615   0.2515  
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA2,3 N/A   0.4530   0.3785   0.0538  
CIGARETTES N/A   0.1382   0.1922   0.0761  
Daily Cigarette Use5 N/A   0.5291   0.4899   --  
SMOKELESS TOBACCO N/A   0.3667   0.3573   0.8820  
CIGARS N/A   0.1279   0.1474   0.3272  
ALCOHOL N/A   0.4323   0.4422   0.3585  
90330
Table 4.6D – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 to 17, Persons Aged 12 to 17 At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 12 to 17: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Substance NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s) PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG TOTAL POPULATION PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PERSONS AT RISK FOR INITIATION1 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
-- Not available.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 At Risk for Initiation is defined as persons who did not use the substance(s) in their lifetime or used the substance(s) for the first time in the past year.
2 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
3 Estimates in these designated rows do not include data from methamphetamine initiation items added in 2007 or methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006.
4 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
5 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS2,3 50 53 0.20 0.21 0.25 0.27 0.93 0.96
Marijuana and Hashish 45 49 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.22 1.11 1.18
Cocaine 22 20 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.08 3.25 3.86
Crack 10 5 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.02 * *
Heroin 5 11 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.04 * *
Hallucinogens 28 30 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.12 2.50 2.44
LSD 13 16 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.07 4.22 3.39
PCP 8 8 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 * *
Ecstasy 23 23 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 3.44 3.60
Inhalants 30 31 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 2.16 2.29
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics3,4 39 41 0.15 0.17 0.17 0.18 1.43 1.62
Pain Relievers 36 40 0.14 0.16 0.15 0.17 1.54 1.73
OxyContin® 15 14 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 3.73 3.76
Tranquilizers 23 22 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 3.05 2.98
Stimulants3 20 21 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 3.37 3.49
Sedatives 12 11 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 * *
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA2,3 44 48 0.17 0.19 0.20 0.22 1.21 1.37
CIGARETTES 48 49 0.19 0.19 0.24 0.24 1.01 1.08
Daily Cigarette Use5 23 23 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 -- --
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 36 34 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.14 1.81 1.83
CIGARS 44 43 0.18 0.17 0.19 0.19 1.38 1.44
ALCOHOL 69 63 0.27 0.25 0.37 0.34 0.74 0.71
90330
Table 4.6P – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 to 17, Persons Aged 12 to 17 At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 12 to 17: P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2008 Versus 2007
Substance NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s) PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG TOTAL POPULATION PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PERSONS AT RISK FOR INITIATION1 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
N/A: Not applicable.
-- Not available.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 At Risk for Initiation is defined as persons who did not use the substance(s) in their lifetime or used the substance(s) for the first time in the past year.
2 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
3 Estimates in these designated rows do not include data from methamphetamine initiation items added in 2007 or methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006.
4 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
5 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS2,3 N/A   0.5636   0.5983   0.7350  
Marijuana and Hashish N/A   0.1696   0.1722   0.4364  
Cocaine N/A   0.0799   0.0792   0.7940  
Crack N/A   0.0020   0.0020   *  
Heroin N/A   0.1769   0.1770   *  
Hallucinogens N/A   0.0542   0.0532   0.1707  
LSD N/A   0.0134   0.0132   0.5676  
PCP N/A   0.9824   0.9825   *  
Ecstasy N/A   0.7609   0.7423   0.5288  
Inhalants N/A   0.9522   0.9205   0.9622  
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics3,4 N/A   0.3963   0.4706   0.0368  
Pain Relievers N/A   0.1242   0.1506   0.0064  
OxyContin® N/A   0.8342   0.8387   0.5054  
Tranquilizers N/A   0.5767   0.5855   0.1965  
Stimulants3 N/A   0.3492   0.3465   0.9745  
Sedatives N/A   0.8602   0.8616   *  
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA2,3 N/A   0.1268   0.1662   0.0402  
CIGARETTES N/A   0.2020   0.3019   0.0121  
Daily Cigarette Use5 N/A   0.1028   0.0910   --  
SMOKELESS TOBACCO N/A   0.8791   0.8300   0.3369  
CIGARS N/A   0.7318   0.6563   0.0337  
ALCOHOL N/A   0.2466   0.1454   0.7210  
90330
Table 4.7D – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 18 to 25, Persons Aged 18 to 25 At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 18 to 25: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Substance NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s) PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG TOTAL POPULATION PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PERSONS AT RISK FOR INITIATION1 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
-- Not available.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 At Risk for Initiation is defined as persons who did not use the substance(s) in their lifetime or used the substance(s) for the first time in the past year.
2 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
3 Estimates in these designated rows do not include data from methamphetamine initiation items added in 2007 or methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006.
4 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
5 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS2,3 47 52 0.14 0.16 0.32 0.33 0.41 0.46
Marijuana and Hashish 45 49 0.14 0.15 0.27 0.28 0.48 0.52
Cocaine 38 33 0.12 0.10 0.14 0.11 1.53 1.59
Crack 15 15 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 4.61 5.15
Heroin 14 11 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.03 * 5.49
Hallucinogens 35 38 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 1.46 1.52
LSD 18 23 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.07 3.67 3.49
PCP 7 6 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 * *
Ecstasy 31 37 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.13 2.21 2.23
Inhalants 23 24 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 3.36 3.51
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics3,4 50 50 0.15 0.15 0.21 0.21 0.91 0.91
Pain Relievers 50 45 0.15 0.14 0.20 0.18 1.17 1.01
OxyContin® 21 22 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 3.10 2.96
Tranquilizers 34 31 0.10 0.09 0.12 0.11 1.77 1.51
Stimulants3 30 28 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.09 2.22 2.36
Sedatives 10 13 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.04 4.98 *
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA2,3 51 49 0.16 0.15 0.24 0.22 0.72 0.72
CIGARETTES 48 58 0.15 0.17 0.37 0.44 0.32 0.38
Daily Cigarette Use5 38 35 0.12 0.11 0.16 0.15 -- --
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 40 39 0.12 0.12 0.15 0.15 1.18 1.21
CIGARS 58 53 0.18 0.16 0.28 0.26 0.71 0.66
ALCOHOL 70 68 0.21 0.21 0.92 0.94 0.27 0.26
90330
Table 4.7P – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 18 to 25, Persons Aged 18 to 25 At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 18 to 25: P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2008 Versus 2007
Substance NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s) PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG TOTAL POPULATION PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PERSONS AT RISK FOR INITIATION1 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
N/A: Not applicable.
-- Not available.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 At Risk for Initiation is defined as persons who did not use the substance(s) in their lifetime or used the substance(s) for the first time in the past year.
2 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
3 Estimates in these designated rows do not include data from methamphetamine initiation items added in 2007 or methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006.
4 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
5 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS2,3 N/A   0.1694   0.2851   0.1876  
Marijuana and Hashish N/A   0.8151   0.8977   0.8583  
Cocaine N/A   0.0146   0.0133   0.2120  
Crack N/A   0.9857   0.9771   0.3882  
Heroin N/A   0.4246   0.4230   *  
Hallucinogens N/A   0.5561   0.6970   0.6736  
LSD N/A   0.0470   0.0547   0.9874  
PCP N/A   0.5964   0.5954   *  
Ecstasy N/A   0.0325   0.0420   0.1494  
Inhalants N/A   0.6353   0.6833   0.5742  
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics3,4 N/A   0.8708   0.9631   0.6857  
Pain Relievers N/A   0.7606   0.7180   0.8810  
OxyContin® N/A   0.7521   0.7506   0.9689  
Tranquilizers N/A   0.9134   0.9534   0.8520  
Stimulants3 N/A   0.9650   0.9455   0.9918  
Sedatives N/A   0.7777   0.7841   *  
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA2,3 N/A   0.8435   0.8642   0.5138  
CIGARETTES N/A   0.3768   0.5165   0.3484  
Daily Cigarette Use5 N/A   0.6548   0.5604   --  
SMOKELESS TOBACCO N/A   0.6730   0.7078   0.6367  
CIGARS N/A   0.0997   0.0687   0.2687  
ALCOHOL N/A   0.6929   0.9498   0.6746  
90330
Table 4.8D – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 26 or Older, Persons Aged 26 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 26 or Older: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands and Standard Errors of Percentages, 2007 and 2008
Substance NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s) PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG TOTAL POPULATION PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PERSONS AT RISK FOR INITIATION1 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
-- Not available.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 At Risk for Initiation is defined as persons who did not use the substance(s) in their lifetime or used the substance(s) for the first time in the past year.
2 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
3 Estimates in these designated rows do not include data from methamphetamine initiation items added in 2007 or methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006.
4 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
5 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS2,3 61 69 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.30 0.35
Marijuana and Hashish 37 45 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.29 0.33
Cocaine 32 33 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.96 1.04
Crack 69 30 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.02 * 3.34
Heroin 14 17 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 * *
Hallucinogens 38 32 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 3.23 3.42
LSD * 12 * 0.01 * 0.01 * *
PCP * * * * * * * *
Ecstasy 35 36 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 * *
Inhalants 26 11 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 * *
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics3,4 98 81 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.05 1.02 0.94
Pain Relievers 85 71 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04 1.18 1.10
OxyContin® 44 25 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 * 3.81
Tranquilizers 71 60 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.03 2.21 1.99
Stimulants3 35 33 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 2.59 2.95
Sedatives 24 26 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 * *
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA2,3 79 75 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.64 0.67
CIGARETTES 15 31 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.06
Daily Cigarette Use5 23 37 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 -- --
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 23 64 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.33 0.82
CIGARS 73 76 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.44 0.45
ALCOHOL 32 50 0.02 0.03 0.13 0.20 0.02 0.04
90330
Table 4.8P – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 26 or Older, Persons Aged 26 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 26 or Older: P Values from Tests of Differences of Percentages, 2008 Versus 2007
Substance NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s) PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG TOTAL POPULATION PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PERSONS AT RISK FOR INITIATION1 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PAST YEAR USERS
2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
N/A: Not applicable.
-- Not available.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 At Risk for Initiation is defined as persons who did not use the substance(s) in their lifetime or used the substance(s) for the first time in the past year.
2 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
3 Estimates in these designated rows do not include data from methamphetamine initiation items added in 2007 or methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006.
4 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
5 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS2,3 N/A   0.3136   0.2740   0.2595  
Marijuana and Hashish N/A   0.6888   0.6725   0.7380  
Cocaine N/A   0.8101   0.8191   0.9057  
Crack N/A   0.1352   0.1351   *  
Heroin N/A   0.7527   0.7528   *  
Hallucinogens N/A   0.3162   0.3288   0.6086  
LSD N/A   *   *   *  
PCP N/A   *   *   *  
Ecstasy N/A   0.9726   0.9782   *  
Inhalants N/A   0.0599   0.0601   *  
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics3,4 N/A   0.5221   0.5568   0.9889  
Pain Relievers N/A   0.7939   0.8328   0.8807  
OxyContin® N/A   0.0717   0.0728   *  
Tranquilizers N/A   0.1604   0.1717   0.2938  
Stimulants3 N/A   0.7558   0.7513   0.7965  
Sedatives N/A   0.4713   0.4746   *  
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA2,3 N/A   0.8427   0.7791   0.4690  
CIGARETTES N/A   0.2056   0.2108   0.1953  
Daily Cigarette Use5 N/A   0.4194   0.4258   --  
SMOKELESS TOBACCO N/A   0.0457   0.0453   0.0591  
CIGARS N/A   0.6488   0.6685   0.6852  
ALCOHOL N/A   0.1856   0.1981   0.1913  
90330
Table 4.9C – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Gender: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Substance Total
(2007)		 Total
(2008)		 Male
(2007)		 Male
(2008)		 Female
(2007)		 Female
(2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
2 Estimates in these designated rows do not include data from methamphetamine initiation items added in 2007 or methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006.
3 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
4 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS1,2 94 106 60 67 73 83
Marijuana and Hashish 77 88 51 55 56 67
Cocaine 57 51 49 39 29 33
Crack 72 34 69 26 20 23
Heroin 21 23 19 21 9 9
Hallucinogens 61 59 47 48 39 35
LSD 23 30 19 28 12 15
PCP 11 10 8 7 7 6
Ecstasy 53 57 42 42 33 38
Inhalants 47 43 35 32 31 26
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics2,3 117 105 81 61 87 84
Pain Relievers 105 93 78 61 71 72
OxyContin® 49 36 30 28 39 23
Tranquilizers 82 72 49 38 68 63
Stimulants2 50 49 24 27 44 39
Sedatives 29 32 18 11 23 30
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA1,2 107 103 69 70 80 78
CIGARETTES 71 89 49 59 52 65
Daily Cigarette Use4 52 57 38 39 34 41
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 61 82 51 59 31 56
CIGARS 107 104 76 71 79 77
ALCOHOL 111 115 79 78 76 83
90330
Table 4.10C – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older Who Initiated Use Prior to the Age of 18, by Gender: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Substance Total
(2007)		 Total
(2008)		 Male
(2007)		 Male
(2008)		 Female
(2007)		 Female
(2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
2 Estimates in these designated rows do not include data from methamphetamine initiation items added in 2007 or methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006.
3 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
4 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS1,2 57 61 42 41 40 42
Marijuana and Hashish 53 55 37 38 36 37
Cocaine 25 23 17 17 18 14
Crack 10 6 7 3 8 5
Heroin 6 11 5 9 3 6
Hallucinogens 32 32 23 25 22 21
LSD 14 18 11 14 8 11
PCP 8 8 7 6 5 5
Ecstasy 26 24 18 16 18 19
Inhalants 31 33 22 23 22 23
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics2,3 44 45 32 30 31 33
Pain Relievers 41 44 29 30 30 30
OxyContin® 16 16 10 13 13 10
Tranquilizers 26 25 17 17 20 18
Stimulants2 23 22 13 13 19 19
Sedatives 12 12 5 8 11 9
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA1,2 49 52 37 36 34 37
CIGARETTES 53 55 35 34 38 42
Daily Cigarette Use4 26 26 19 20 17 16
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 39 37 34 31 17 16
CIGARS 51 51 39 40 31 33
ALCOHOL 81 77 57 53 55 52
90330
Table 4.11C – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older Who Initiated Use Prior to the Age of 21, by Gender: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Substance Total
(2007)		 Total
(2008)		 Male
(2007)		 Male
(2008)		 Female
(2007)		 Female
(2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
2 Estimates in these designated rows do not include data from methamphetamine initiation items added in 2007 or methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006.
3 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
4 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS1,2 68 76 48 52 48 51
Marijuana and Hashish 62 67 42 46 46 46
Cocaine 41 34 36 27 23 20
Crack 16 13 10 11 12 8
Heroin 12 14 10 12 6 7
Hallucinogens 43 42 34 34 27 26
LSD 20 25 16 22 11 14
PCP 10 9 8 6 7 6
Ecstasy 36 35 27 27 23 24
Inhalants 37 40 28 29 23 25
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics2,3 59 63 42 42 43 42
Pain Relievers 59 58 42 40 38 38
OxyContin® 21 20 14 17 16 13
Tranquilizers 35 34 22 25 27 23
Stimulants2 33 31 19 20 27 22
Sedatives 14 14 8 9 11 11
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA1,2 64 68 48 49 44 45
CIGARETTES 68 78 47 52 48 56
Daily Cigarette Use4 44 41 33 30 27 27
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 54 48 46 41 23 23
CIGARS 71 69 54 53 45 42
ALCOHOL 101 92 69 67 67 64
90330
Table 4.12C – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 to 49, by Gender: Standard Errors of Numbers in Thousands, 2007 and 2008
Substance Total
(2007)		 Total
(2008)		 Male
(2007)		 Male
(2008)		 Female
(2007)		 Female
(2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
2 Estimates in these designated rows do not include data from methamphetamine initiation items added in 2007 or methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006.
3 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
4 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS1,2 86 100 58 66 64 75
Marijuana and Hashish 75 88 49 55 55 67
Cocaine 56 52 49 39 29 33
Crack 51 34 47 26 20 23
Heroin 21 23 19 21 9 9
Hallucinogens 60 59 47 47 38 36
LSD 23 30 19 28 12 15
PCP 11 10 8 7 7 6
Ecstasy 54 57 42 42 33 37
Inhalants 47 43 35 32 31 26
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics2,3 95 97 63 59 74 75
Pain Relievers 87 86 59 60 63 62
OxyContin® 44 36 30 28 32 23
Tranquilizers 76 69 47 36 62 60
Stimulants2 50 48 23 27 43 39
Sedatives 29 25 18 11 23 22
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA1,2 96 96 68 67 68 70
CIGARETTES 71 88 50 59 51 64
Daily Cigarette Use4 52 56 38 39 34 40
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 61 67 51 58 30 33
CIGARS 106 90 74 66 74 63
ALCOHOL 109 108 78 77 74 74
90330
Table 4.13D – Standard Errors of Mean Age at First Use among Past Year Initiates of Substance Use Aged 12 or Older, by Gender: 2007 and 2008
Substance Total
(2007)		 Total
(2008)		 Male
(2007)		 Male
(2008)		 Female
(2007)		 Female
(2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
2 Estimates in these designated rows do not include data from methamphetamine initiation items added in 2007 or methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006.
3 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
4 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS1,2 0.65 0.62 0.54 0.45 1.09 1.03
Marijuana and Hashish 0.43 0.37 0.59 0.32 0.62 0.62
Cocaine 0.52 0.44 0.77 0.43 0.55 0.84
Crack 3.21 1.69 3.55 2.31 2.57 2.32
Heroin 1.23 3.23 1.00 4.33 3.21 1.05
Hallucinogens 0.53 0.34 0.58 0.37 0.97 0.66
LSD 0.29 0.31 0.37 0.40 0.39 0.32
PCP 0.50 0.61 0.61 1.14 0.79 0.50
Ecstasy 0.57 0.66 0.74 0.88 0.88 1.01
Inhalants 0.54 0.27 0.80 0.44 0.68 0.25
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics2,3 0.90 0.74 1.32 0.72 1.20 1.10
Pain Relievers 0.92 0.79 1.42 0.69 1.18 1.28
OxyContin® 1.68 1.06 2.01 1.76 2.55 1.09
Tranquilizers 0.97 1.12 1.10 1.20 1.41 1.61
Stimulants2 1.08 0.83 0.84 0.65 1.51 1.29
Sedatives 1.53 3.78 1.73 3.37 2.26 4.82
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA1,2 0.73 0.67 0.54 0.63 1.20 1.10
CIGARETTES 0.12 0.26 0.13 0.26 0.20 0.45
Daily Cigarette Use4 0.44 0.79 0.67 1.05 0.57 1.17
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 0.34 1.14 0.19 0.73 1.10 3.41
CIGARS 0.48 0.71 0.50 0.74 0.97 1.24
ALCOHOL 0.21 0.40 0.37 0.19 0.22 0.74
90330
Table 4.13P – P Values from Tests of Differences of Mean Age at First Use among Past Year Initiates of Substance Use Aged 12 or Older, by Gender: 2008 Versus 2007
Substance Total
(2007)		 Total
(2008)		 Male
(2007)		 Male
(2008)		 Female
(2007)		 Female
(2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
2 Estimates in these designated rows do not include data from methamphetamine initiation items added in 2007 or methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006.
3 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
4 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS1,2 0.4674   0.4630   0.6162  
Marijuana and Hashish 0.9065   0.7614   0.7270  
Cocaine 0.5767   0.0964   0.2603  
Crack 0.0657   0.0120   0.4030  
Heroin 0.6343   0.2972   0.1536  
Hallucinogens 0.1534   0.2558   0.3510  
LSD 0.7662   0.6273   0.4496  
PCP 0.4158   0.8582   0.1480  
Ecstasy 0.7138   0.8148   0.4086  
Inhalants 0.0575   0.4239   0.0253  
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics2,3 0.7861   0.5951   0.9220  
Pain Relievers 0.9530   0.6493   0.7224  
OxyContin® 0.0543   0.3179   0.0837  
Tranquilizers 0.6416   0.2822   0.9762  
Stimulants2 0.6853   0.4164   0.6296  
Sedatives 0.7073   0.4142   0.5639  
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA1,2 0.7220   0.3309   0.9703  
CIGARETTES 0.1004   0.0441   0.4712  
Daily Cigarette Use4 0.2724   0.7451   0.2251  
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 0.0942   0.0133   0.5420  
CIGARS 0.6435   0.3393   0.9345  
ALCOHOL 0.1402   0.6886   0.0630  
90330
Table 4.14D – Standard Errors of Mean Age at First Use among Past Year Initiates of Substance Use Aged 12 or Older Who Initiated Use Prior to the Age of 18, by Gender: 2007 and 2008
Substance Total
(2007)		 Total
(2008)		 Male
(2007)		 Male
(2008)		 Female
(2007)		 Female
(2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
2 Estimates in these designated rows do not include data from methamphetamine initiation items added in 2007 or methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006.
3 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
4 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS1,2 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.08
Marijuana and Hashish 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.08
Cocaine 0.10 0.10 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.14
Crack 0.20 0.27 0.17 0.40 0.29 0.37
Heroin 0.49 0.25 0.65 0.20 * 0.47
Hallucinogens 0.09 0.09 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.14
LSD 0.15 0.12 0.15 0.13 0.31 0.23
PCP 0.26 0.39 0.32 0.62 0.40 0.34
Ecstasy 0.10 0.12 0.15 0.12 0.15 0.17
Inhalants 0.10 0.11 0.15 0.17 0.13 0.14
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics2,3 0.07 0.06 0.10 0.08 0.10 0.09
Pain Relievers 0.08 0.06 0.11 0.08 0.10 0.10
OxyContin® 0.13 0.12 0.15 0.19 0.19 0.17
Tranquilizers 0.11 0.09 0.18 0.14 0.13 0.12
Stimulants2 0.12 0.12 0.18 0.15 0.17 0.17
Sedatives 0.18 0.26 0.34 0.41 0.21 0.34
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA1,2 0.07 0.07 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09
CIGARETTES 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.09
Daily Cigarette Use4 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.16
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.14 0.13
CIGARS 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.09
ALCOHOL 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.06
90330
Table 4.14P – P Values from Tests of Differences of Mean Age at First Use among Past Year Initiates of Substance Use Aged 12 or Older Who Initiated Use Prior to the Age of 18, by Gender: 2008 Versus 2007
Substance Total
(2007)		 Total
(2008)		 Male
(2007)		 Male
(2008)		 Female
(2007)		 Female
(2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
2 Estimates in these designated rows do not include data from methamphetamine initiation items added in 2007 or methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006.
3 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
4 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS1,2 0.9097   0.4767   0.3789  
Marijuana and Hashish 0.1727   0.8304   0.0825  
Cocaine 0.6770   0.7476   0.6080  
Crack 0.0760   0.8222   0.0320  
Heroin 0.6219   0.6471   *  
Hallucinogens 0.8484   0.7386   0.7588  
LSD 0.2672   0.0574   0.7813  
PCP 0.1810   0.0816   0.3586  
Ecstasy 0.9536   0.0359   0.0939  
Inhalants 0.1029   0.2320   0.2863  
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics2,3 0.8911   0.4803   0.7186  
Pain Relievers 0.7637   0.7523   0.4971  
OxyContin® 0.4348   0.1271   0.9645  
Tranquilizers 0.1606   0.6029   0.1255  
Stimulants2 0.3737   0.0180   0.6075  
Sedatives 0.8929   0.9358   0.8487  
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA1,2 0.9837   0.3976   0.4233  
CIGARETTES 0.1863   0.0338   0.9103  
Daily Cigarette Use4 0.9304   0.6237   0.5462  
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 0.7383   0.7842   0.2084  
CIGARS 0.6036   0.2931   0.6618  
ALCOHOL 0.7147   0.4714   0.8345  
90330
Table 4.15D – Standard Errors of Mean Age at First Use among Past Year Initiates of Substance Use Aged 12 or Older Who Initiated Use Prior to the Age of 21, by Gender: 2007 and 2008
Substance Total
(2007)		 Total
(2008)		 Male
(2007)		 Male
(2008)		 Female
(2007)		 Female
(2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
2 Estimates in these designated rows do not include data from methamphetamine initiation items added in 2007 or methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006.
3 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
4 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS1,2 0.07 0.07 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
Marijuana and Hashish 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10
Cocaine 0.12 0.11 0.15 0.14 0.18 0.17
Crack 0.30 0.21 0.35 0.26 0.49 0.31
Heroin 0.45 0.30 0.60 0.36 0.56 0.46
Hallucinogens 0.10 0.10 0.14 0.12 0.16 0.17
LSD 0.18 0.14 0.22 0.15 0.30 0.30
PCP 0.47 0.50 0.42 0.86 0.83 0.50
Ecstasy 0.13 0.12 0.17 0.13 0.20 0.19
Inhalants 0.14 0.16 0.21 0.25 0.16 0.18
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics2,3 0.09 0.08 0.12 0.10 0.13 0.12
Pain Relievers 0.09 0.09 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.13
OxyContin® 0.17 0.14 0.20 0.21 0.26 0.21
Tranquilizers 0.14 0.11 0.20 0.16 0.19 0.16
Stimulants2 0.17 0.15 0.23 0.18 0.23 0.20
Sedatives 0.28 0.33 0.49 0.48 0.28 0.45
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA1,2 0.09 0.09 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.12
CIGARETTES 0.07 0.07 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
Daily Cigarette Use4 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.16
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 0.10 0.09 0.11 0.10 0.19 0.19
CIGARS 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09
ALCOHOL 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.07
90330
Table 4.15P – P Values from Tests of Differences of Mean Age at First Use among Past Year Initiates of Substance Use Aged 12 or Older Who Initiated Use Prior to the Age of 21, by Gender: 2008 Versus 2007
Substance Total
(2007)		 Total
(2008)		 Male
(2007)		 Male
(2008)		 Female
(2007)		 Female
(2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
2 Estimates in these designated rows do not include data from methamphetamine initiation items added in 2007 or methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006.
3 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
4 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS1,2 0.9763   0.2299   0.2692  
Marijuana and Hashish 0.1158   0.8953   0.0227  
Cocaine 0.3990   0.0737   0.4514  
Crack 0.0250   0.1452   0.1122  
Heroin 0.1556   0.3581   0.1464  
Hallucinogens 0.8575   0.4969   0.6592  
LSD 0.7919   0.9900   0.5141  
PCP 0.3189   0.5133   0.2308  
Ecstasy 0.2529   0.2348   0.5931  
Inhalants 0.8029   0.9166   0.6194  
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics2,3 0.7268   0.8170   0.5489  
Pain Relievers 0.4056   0.4142   0.7605  
OxyContin® 0.8314   0.2482   0.5812  
Tranquilizers 0.5289   0.4865   0.9365  
Stimulants2 0.8728   0.0783   0.1365  
Sedatives 0.9002   0.2077   0.2493  
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA1,2 0.5409   0.8447   0.5344  
CIGARETTES 0.9879   0.1056   0.1089  
Daily Cigarette Use4 0.3270   0.6387   0.3398  
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 0.1601   0.2382   0.4184  
CIGARS 0.5023   0.4187   0.0297  
ALCOHOL 0.5448   0.2026   0.6687  
90330
Table 4.16D – Standard Errors of Mean Age at First Use among Past Year Initiates of Substance Use Aged 12 to 49, by Gender: 2007 and 2008
Substance Total
(2007)		 Total
(2008)		 Male
(2007)		 Male
(2008)		 Female
(2007)		 Female
(2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
2 Estimates in these designated rows do not include data from methamphetamine initiation items added in 2007 or methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006.
3 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
4 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS1,2 0.37 0.40 0.30 0.42 0.64 0.64
Marijuana and Hashish 0.34 0.35 0.25 0.24 0.62 0.62
Cocaine 0.52 0.44 0.77 0.43 0.55 0.84
Crack 2.54 1.69 3.16 2.31 2.57 2.32
Heroin 1.23 3.23 1.00 4.33 3.21 1.05
Hallucinogens 0.45 0.34 0.58 0.37 0.73 0.66
LSD 0.29 0.31 0.37 0.40 0.39 0.32
PCP 0.50 0.61 0.61 1.14 0.79 0.50
Ecstasy 0.57 0.61 0.74 0.88 0.88 0.82
Inhalants 0.54 0.25 0.80 0.40 0.68 0.25
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics2,3 0.52 0.51 0.55 0.63 0.79 0.73
Pain Relievers 0.44 0.49 0.51 0.69 0.68 0.69
OxyContin® 1.26 1.08 2.01 1.77 1.50 1.08
Tranquilizers 0.67 0.77 0.98 0.88 0.88 1.06
Stimulants2 1.08 0.83 0.84 0.65 1.51 1.29
Sedatives 1.53 1.77 1.73 3.37 2.26 2.03
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA1,2 0.43 0.44 0.54 0.54 0.65 0.67
CIGARETTES 0.12 0.26 0.13 0.26 0.20 0.45
Daily Cigarette Use4 0.44 0.79 0.67 1.04 0.57 1.17
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 0.29 0.50 0.19 0.62 0.93 0.69
CIGARS 0.42 0.38 0.50 0.49 0.68 0.58
ALCOHOL 0.13 0.16 0.13 0.19 0.22 0.25
90330
Table 4.16P – P Values from Tests of Differences of Mean Age at First Use among Past Year Initiates of Substance Use Aged 12 to 49, by Gender: 2008 Versus 2007
Substance Total
(2007)		 Total
(2008)		 Male
(2007)		 Male
(2008)		 Female
(2007)		 Female
(2008)
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
1 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
2 Estimates in these designated rows do not include data from methamphetamine initiation items added in 2007 or methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006.
3 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
4 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2007 and 2008.
ILLICIT DRUGS1,2 0.1024   0.0679   0.3097  
Marijuana and Hashish 0.6384   0.7256   0.7270  
Cocaine 0.5767   0.0964   0.2603  
Crack 0.4202   0.1692   0.4030  
Heroin 0.6343   0.2972   0.1536  
Hallucinogens 0.2909   0.2558   0.6883  
LSD 0.7662   0.6273   0.4496  
PCP 0.4158   0.8582   0.1480  
Ecstasy 0.9792   0.8148   0.7127  
Inhalants 0.0403   0.3356   0.0253  
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics2,3 0.7486   0.9271   0.7510  
Pain Relievers 0.9673   0.4575   0.5026  
OxyContin® 0.1803   0.2948   0.3718  
Tranquilizers 0.8714   0.0689   0.3357  
Stimulants2 0.6853   0.4164   0.6296  
Sedatives 0.2545   0.4142   0.3866  
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA1,2 0.5110   0.7735   0.5836  
CIGARETTES 0.1004   0.0441   0.4712  
Daily Cigarette Use4 0.3403   0.9141   0.2251  
SMOKELESS TOBACCO 0.1191   0.0259   0.5316  
CIGARS 0.3165   0.9711   0.1735  
ALCOHOL 0.4152   0.4384   0.6311  

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