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70405
Table 4.1B – Past Year Initiation of Illicit Drug Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Illicit Drug Use, and Past Year Illicit Drug Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands and Percentages, 2005 and 2006
Demographic Characteristic
 NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s)1
 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG TOTAL POPULATION1
 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PERSONS AT RISK FOR INITIATION1,2
 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PAST YEAR USERS1
2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
NOTE: Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
a Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
b Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level.
1 Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
2 At Risk for Initiation is defined as persons who did not use the substance(s) in their lifetime or used the substance(s) for the first time in the past year.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005 and 2006.
TOTAL
 2,908 2,789 1.2 1.1 2.2 2.0 8.3 7.8
AGE
                
12-25 2,329 2,374 4.0 4.1 6.9 6.9 14.4 14.6
12-17 1,501 1,467 5.9 5.8 7.6 7.4 29.8 29.5
12-13 321a 257 3.9 3.2 4.4 3.6 41.5 37.8
14-15 603 580 6.9 6.6 8.6 8.3 37.1 33.9
16-17 577 629 6.9 7.4 10.6 11.0 21.8 24.4
18-25 828 908 2.5 2.8 5.9 6.3 7.5 8.1
18-20 585 602 4.5 4.7 9.3 9.4 11.9 12.5
21-25 243 305 1.2 1.5 3.1 3.8 3.9 4.7
26 or Older 579 414 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.4 3.1 2.1
GENDER
                
Male 1,273 1,305 1.1 1.1 2.1 2.2 6.4 6.3
Female 1,635 1,483 1.3 1.2 2.2 1.9 10.8 9.9
GENDER/AGE
               
Male 12-17 734 677 5.7 5.2 7.3 6.8 28.7 26.8
Female 12-17 767 790 6.2 6.4 7.8 8.0 30.9 32.3
70405
Table 4.2B – Past Year Initiation of Marijuana Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Marijuana Use, and Past Year Marijuana Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands and Percentages, 2005 and 2006
Demographic Characteristic
 NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s)1
 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG TOTAL POPULATION1
 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PERSONS AT RISK FOR INITIATION1,2
 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PAST YEAR USERS1
2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
a Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
b Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level.
1 Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
2 At Risk for Initiation is defined as persons who did not use the substance(s) in their lifetime or used the substance(s) for the first time in the past year.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005 and 2006.
TOTAL
 2,114 2,063 0.9 0.8 1.4 1.4 8.3 8.1
AGE
                
12-25 1,862 1,937 3.2 3.3 4.9 5.0 14.9 15.5
12-17 1,139 1,193 4.5 4.7 5.2 5.4 33.7 35.6
12-13 115 80 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.0 54.6 45.7
14-15 482 504 5.5 5.7 6.1 6.4 45.9 46.4
16-17 542 610 6.4 7.2 8.8 9.6 25.5a 29.2
18-25 723 744 2.2 2.3 4.5 4.6 7.9 8.1
18-20 539 507 4.2 4.0 7.5 7.0 13.1 12.6
21-25 184 236 0.9 1.2 2.1 2.6 3.7 4.6
26 or Older 252 126 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 2.0 1.0
GENDER
                
Male 975 976 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.4 6.3 6.3
Female 1,139 1,087 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.3 11.5 11.1
GENDER/AGE
               
Male 12-17 549 554 4.2 4.3 4.9 4.9 30.6 31.8
Female 12-17 590 639 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.8 37.2 39.9
70405
Table 4.3B – Past Year Initiation of Cigarette Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Cigarette Use, and Past Year Cigarette Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands and Percentages, 2005 and 2006
Demographic Characteristic
 NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s)1
 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG TOTAL POPULATION1
 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PERSONS AT RISK FOR INITIATION1,2
 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PAST YEAR USERS1
2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
a Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
b Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level.
1 Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
2 At Risk for Initiation is defined as persons who did not use the substance(s) in their lifetime or used the substance(s) for the first time in the past year.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005 and 2006.
TOTAL
 2,282 2,449 0.9 1.0 2.7 2.9 3.2 3.4
AGE
                
12-25 2,151a 2,367 3.7a 4.1 6.9 7.4 10.9a 12.0
12-17 1,303 1,328 5.1 5.2 6.6 6.6 29.7 30.8
12-13 227 208 2.8 2.6 3.0 2.8 46.7 51.1
14-15 520 496 6.0 5.6 7.5 7.0 37.6 35.6
16-17 556 624 6.6 7.3 10.5 11.3 22.1 24.8
18-25 848b 1,038 2.6b 3.2 7.4a 8.7 5.5b 6.7
18-20 659a 817 5.1b 6.4 11.9a 14.0 11.3b 14.1
21-25 189 221 1.0 1.1 3.2 3.6 2.0 2.3
26 or Older 131 83 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2
GENDER
                
Male 1,101 1,201 0.9 1.0 3.2 3.4 2.9 3.1
Female 1,181 1,249 0.9 1.0 2.4 2.5 3.6 3.8
GENDER/AGE
               
Male 12-17 611 644 4.7 5.0 6.0 6.3 27.9 29.8
Female 12-17 693 685 5.6 5.5 7.1 6.9 31.5 31.8
70405
Table 4.4B – Past Year Initiation of Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Alcohol Use, and Past Year Alcohol Users Aged 12 or Older, by Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands and Percentages, 2005 and 2006
Demographic Characteristic
 NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s)1
 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG TOTAL POPULATION1
 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PERSONS AT RISK FOR INITIATION1,2
 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PAST YEAR USERS1
2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
a Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
b Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level.
1 Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
2 At Risk for Initiation is defined as persons who did not use the substance(s) in their lifetime or used the substance(s) for the first time in the past year.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005 and 2006.
TOTAL
 4,274 4,381 1.8 1.8 9.3 9.3 2.6 2.7
AGE
                
12-25 4,170 4,321 7.2 7.4 17.5 18.1 12.4 12.6
12-17 2,749 2,698 10.8 10.6 15.4 15.1 32.5 32.3
12-13 434 391 5.3 4.9 5.9 5.4 48.0 46.3
14-15 1,188 1,116 13.7 12.7 19.0 17.8 40.3 38.1
16-17 1,127 1,191 13.4 14.0 27.0 27.4 24.5 26.0
18-25 1,421a 1,623 4.4a 5.0 23.4a 26.8 5.6 6.3
18-20 998 1,150 7.7a 9.0 27.7a 31.7 10.8a 12.4
21-25 423 473 2.2 2.4 17.1 19.5 2.6 2.9
26 or Older 105 60 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.0
GENDER
                
Male 1,988 2,174 1.7 1.8 10.9 11.5 2.4 2.6
Female 2,286 2,208 1.8 1.7 8.3 7.8 2.9 2.8
GENDER/AGE
               
Male 12-17 1,270 1,305 9.8 10.1 14.1 14.4 30.7 31.3
Female 12-17 1,479 1,393 11.9 11.2 16.8 15.9 34.3 33.3
70405
Table 4.5B – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, Persons Aged 12 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 12 or Older: Numbers in Thousands and Percentages, 2005 and 2006
Substance
 NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s)1
 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG TOTAL POPULATION1
 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PERSONS AT RISK FOR INITIATION1,2
 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PAST YEAR USERS1
2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
-- Not available.
a Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
b Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level.
1 Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
2 At Risk for Initiation is defined as persons who did not use the substance(s) in their lifetime or used the substance(s) for the first time in the past year.
3 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
4 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
5 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005 and 2006.
ILLICIT DRUGS3
 2,908 2,789 1.2 1.1 2.2 2.0 8.3 7.8
Marijuana and Hashish 2,114 2,063 0.9 0.8 1.4 1.4 8.3 8.1
Cocaine 872 977 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 15.8 16.1
Crack 230 245 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 16.6 16.5
Heroin 108 91 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28.5a 16.2
Hallucinogens 953 1,116 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 25.0 28.2
LSD 243 264 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 43.1 39.7
PCP 77 69 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 * *
Ecstasy 615b 860 0.3b 0.3 0.3b 0.4 31.4b 40.4
Inhalants 877 783 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 40.1 35.3
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics4 2,526 2,576 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 16.6 15.8
Pain Relievers 2,193 2,150 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 18.6 17.0
OxyContin® 526 533 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 42.9 40.3
Tranquilizers 1,286 1,112 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 24.5 22.0
Stimulants 647a 845 0.3a 0.3 0.3a 0.4 23.4 24.9
Sedatives 247 267 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 32.9 28.8
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA3
 2,768 2,719 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.5 13.8 12.8
CIGARETTES
 2,282 2,449 0.9 1.0 2.7 2.9 3.2 3.4
Daily Cigarette Use5 965 1,051 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 -- --
SMOKELESS TOBACCO
 1,134a 1,329 0.5 0.5 0.6a 0.7 10.9 11.8
CIGARS
 3,349 3,061 1.4a 1.2 2.1a 1.9 12.4 11.4
ALCOHOL
 4,274 4,381 1.8 1.8 9.3 9.3 2.6 2.7
70405
Table 4.6B – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 to 17, Persons Aged 12 to 17 At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 12 to 17: Numbers in Thousands and Percentages, 2005 and 2006
Substance
 NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s)1
 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG TOTAL POPULATION1
 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PERSONS AT RISK FOR INITIATION1,2
 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PAST YEAR USERS1
2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
-- Not available.
a Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
b Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level.
1 Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
2 At Risk for Initiation is defined as persons who did not use the substance(s) in their lifetime or used the substance(s) for the first time in the past year.
3 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
4 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
5 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005 and 2006.
ILLICIT DRUGS3
 1,501 1,467 5.9 5.8 7.6 7.4 29.8 29.5
Marijuana and Hashish 1,139 1,193 4.5 4.7 5.2 5.4 33.7 35.6
Cocaine 286 260 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 67.5 63.2
Crack 32 41 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 * *
Heroin 18 24 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 * *
Hallucinogens 398 395 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 59.8 60.9
LSD 105 75 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 69.6 *
PCP 55 43 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 * *
Ecstasy 183 205 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 71.4 67.1
Inhalants 605 572 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.4 52.9 51.5
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics4 850 908 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.9 40.4 41.9
Pain Relievers 782 802 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 44.9 44.1
OxyContin® 127 135 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 67.7 67.9
Tranquilizers 274 240 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.0 55.1 49.7
Stimulants 264 296 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 52.4 58.0
Sedatives 59 63 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 * 57.2
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA3
 1,172 1,143 4.6 4.5 5.4 5.3 37.5 36.3
CIGARETTES
 1,303 1,328 5.1 5.2 6.6 6.6 29.7 30.8
Daily Cigarette Use5 334 387 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.6 -- --
SMOKELESS TOBACCO
 545 589 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.4 49.3 48.5
CIGARS
 1,270 1,212 5.0 4.8 5.5 5.2 51.1 51.0
ALCOHOL
 2,749 2,698 10.8 10.6 15.4 15.1 32.5 32.3
70405
Table 4.7B – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 18 to 25, Persons Aged 18 to 25 At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 18 to 25: Numbers in Thousands and Percentages, 2005 and 2006
Substance
 NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s)1
 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG TOTAL POPULATION1
 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PERSONS AT RISK FOR INITIATION1,2
 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PAST YEAR USERS1
2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
-- Not available.
a Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
b Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level.
1 Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
2 At Risk for Initiation is defined as persons who did not use the substance(s) in their lifetime or used the substance(s) for the first time in the past year.
3 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
4 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
5 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005 and 2006.
ILLICIT DRUGS3
 828 908 2.5 2.8 5.9 6.3 7.5 8.1
Marijuana and Hashish 723 744 2.2 2.3 4.5 4.6 7.9 8.1
Cocaine 498 570 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.0 22.2 25.2
Crack 142 131 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 43.5 44.7
Heroin 57 57 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 * *
Hallucinogens 475 569 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.1 23.2 26.5
LSD 114 161 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 35.4 42.6
PCP 22 26 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 * *
Ecstasy 322b 494 1.0b 1.5 1.1b 1.7 32.2a 40.1
Inhalants 240 190 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 35.1 32.9
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics4 847 898 2.6 2.7 3.6 3.8 17.3 17.7
Pain Relievers 803 794 2.5 2.4 3.2 3.2 19.9 19.5
OxyContin® 214 224 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 38.4 39.0
Tranquilizers 456 495 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 25.4 27.7
Stimulants 276 310 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 23.8 24.6
Sedatives 67 60 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 35.0 32.2
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA3
 904 1,034 2.8 3.2 4.4 5.0 14.0 15.6
CIGARETTES
 848b 1,038 2.6b 3.2 7.4a 8.7 5.5b 6.7
Daily Cigarette Use5 493 555 1.5 1.7 2.3 2.5 -- --
SMOKELESS TOBACCO
 506 567 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.1 18.3 19.9
CIGARS
 1,332 1,279 4.1 3.9 6.7 6.4 17.0 16.1
ALCOHOL
 1,421a 1,623 4.4a 5.0 23.4a 26.8 5.6 6.3
70405
Table 4.8B – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 26 or Older, Persons Aged 26 or Older At Risk for Initiation of Substance Use, and Past Year Substance Users Aged 26 or Older: Numbers in Thousands and Percentages, 2005 and 2006
Substance
 NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s)1
 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG TOTAL POPULATION1
 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PERSONS AT RISK FOR INITIATION1,2
 PERCENTAGE OF PAST YEAR INITIATES AMONG PAST YEAR USERS1
2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
-- Not available.
a Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
b Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level.
1 Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
2 At Risk for Initiation is defined as persons who did not use the substance(s) in their lifetime or used the substance(s) for the first time in the past year.
3 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
4 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
5 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005 and 2006.
ILLICIT DRUGS3
 579 414 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.4 3.1 2.1
Marijuana and Hashish 252 126 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 2.0 1.0
Cocaine 87 147 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 3.1 4.3
Crack 55 73 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.5 6.5
Heroin 33 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 * *
Hallucinogens 80 152 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 7.3 13.1
LSD 24 28 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 * *
PCP * * * * * * * *
Ecstasy 110 161 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 15.6 *
Inhalants 32 22 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 * *
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics4 829 770 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5 10.1 8.5
Pain Relievers 608 554 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 10.1 8.2
OxyContin® 185 173 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 * *
Tranquilizers 557 377 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 18.8 13.5
Stimulants 108a 239 0.1a 0.1 0.1a 0.1 9.7 14.7
Sedatives 121 145 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 * *
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA3
 691 543 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 6.6 4.7
CIGARETTES
 131 83 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2
Daily Cigarette Use5 137 109 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 -- --
SMOKELESS TOBACCO
 83 174 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.3 2.4
CIGARS
 747 570 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.5 4.5 3.4
ALCOHOL
 105 60 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.0
70405
Table 4.9A – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Gender: Numbers in Thousands, 2005 and 2006
Substance
 NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s)1
Total
 Male
 Female
2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
a Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
b Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level.
1 Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
2 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
3 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
4 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005 and 2006.
ILLICIT DRUGS2
 2,908 2,789 1,273 1,305 1,635 1,483
Marijuana and Hashish 2,114 2,063 975 976 1,139 1,087
Cocaine 872 977 471 510 401 467
Crack 230 245 104 142 126 102
Heroin 108 91 58 55 50 36
Hallucinogens 953 1,116 555 501 398b 615
LSD 243 264 176 143 67a 121
PCP 77 69 38 31 39 38
Ecstasy 615b 860 345 380 270b 480
Inhalants 877 783 439 388 437 395
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics3 2,526 2,576 1,020 1,115 1,506 1,461
Pain Relievers 2,193 2,150 926 1,015 1,267 1,134
OxyContin® 526 533 303 279 223 254
Tranquilizers 1,286 1,112 559 450 727 662
Stimulants 647a 845 265 287 382a 558
Sedatives 247 267 84 68 163 199
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA2
 2,768 2,719 1,180 1,263 1,588 1,456
CIGARETTES
 2,282 2,449 1,101 1,201 1,181 1,249
Daily Cigarette Use4 965 1,051 508 551 457 500
SMOKELESS TOBACCO
 1,134a 1,329 846a 1,034 288 295
CIGARS
 3,349 3,061 1,724 1,643 1,625 1,418
ALCOHOL
 4,274 4,381 1,988 2,174 2,286 2,208
70405
Table 4.10A – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older Who Initiated Use Prior to the Age of 18, by Gender: Numbers in Thousands, 2005 and 2006
Substance
 NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s)1
Total
 Male
 Female
2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
a Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
b Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level.
1 Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
2 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
3 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
4 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005 and 2006.
ILLICIT DRUGS2
 1,631 1,613 802 771 828 841
Marijuana and Hashish 1,249 1,306 609 613 640 693
Cocaine 328 332 155 162 174 170
Crack 46 59 20 25 26 35
Heroin 24 31 6 18 17 14
Hallucinogens 456 474 235 248 221 227
LSD 121 91 81a 44 40 47
PCP 58 43 28 19 30 24
Ecstasy 209 257 100 115 109 142
Inhalants 633 605 286 285 348 319
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics3 932 1,036 426a 536 507 500
Pain Relievers 861 930 395a 482 466 448
OxyContin® 149 167 83 81 66 86
Tranquilizers 316 290 149 124 167 166
Stimulants 296 319 112 135 185 184
Sedatives 64 69 25 33 39 36
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA2
 1,275 1,291 595 640 681 651
CIGARETTES
 1,448 1,500 687 742 761 758
Daily Cigarette Use4 416 464 227 237 189 227
SMOKELESS TOBACCO
 611 655 462 530 149 125
CIGARS
 1,456 1,423 862 851 595 572
ALCOHOL
 2,970 2,944 1,388 1,429 1,582 1,515
70405
Table 4.11A – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 or Older Who Initiated Use Prior to the Age of 21, by Gender: Numbers in Thousands, 2005 and 2006
Substance
 NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s)1
Total
 Male
 Female
2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
a Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
b Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level.
1 Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
2 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
3 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
4 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005 and 2006.
ILLICIT DRUGS2
 2,127 2,135 1,036 1,006 1,091 1,129
Marijuana and Hashish 1,709 1,754 836 828 873 926
Cocaine 584 676 297 341 287 334
Crack 115 140 68 78 47 62
Heroin 53 67 22 42 31 26
Hallucinogens 743 812 429 431 314 381
LSD 194 185 135 102 59 83
PCP 71 64 38 31 33 33
Ecstasy 415b 552 227 289 188a 263
Inhalants 783 718 392 356 391 363
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics3 1,380a 1,539 624a 756 757 782
Pain Relievers 1,272 1,332 574a 680 698 652
OxyContin® 251 273 138 147 113 125
Tranquilizers 548 559 265 261 284 297
Stimulants 451 505 187 212 265 293
Sedatives 97 94 39 47 59 47
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA2
 1,796 1,873 853 933 943 940
CIGARETTES
 1,998a 2,203 965a 1,114 1,033 1,089
Daily Cigarette Use4 736 821 401 431 335 391
SMOKELESS TOBACCO
 919 1,012 699a 822 219 190
CIGARS
 2,281 2,192 1,295 1,313 986 879
ALCOHOL
 3,798 3,906 1,798 1,955 1,999 1,951
70405
Table 4.12A – Past Year Initiation of Substance Use among Persons Aged 12 to 49, by Gender: Numbers in Thousands, 2005 and 2006
Substance
 NUMBER OF PAST YEAR INITIATES (1,000s)1
Total
 Male
 Female
2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
a Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
b Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level.
1 Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
2 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
3 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
4 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005 and 2006.
ILLICIT DRUGS2
 2,709 2,780 1,231 1,296 1,478 1,483
Marijuana and Hashish 1,984 2,063 932 976 1,052 1,087
Cocaine 859 967 458 510 401 457
Crack 230 235 104 142 126 93
Heroin 108 91 58 55 50 36
Hallucinogens 953 1,116 555 501 398b 615
LSD 243 264 176 143 67a 121
PCP 77 69 38 31 39 38
Ecstasy 613b 849 343 380 270b 469
Inhalants 877 783 439 388 437 395
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics3 2,332 2,556 995 1,104 1,337 1,453
Pain Relievers 2,033 2,119 894 993 1,139 1,127
OxyContin® 478 515 254 277 223 238
Tranquilizers 1,234 1,104 545 450 689 654
Stimulants 647a 845 265 287 382a 558
Sedatives 179 240 71 66 108 174
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA2
 2,617 2,702 1,180 1,254 1,437 1,448
CIGARETTES
 2,282 2,449 1,101 1,201 1,181 1,249
Daily Cigarette Use4 965 1,037 508 537 457 500
SMOKELESS TOBACCO
 1,130 1,299 842a 1,008 288 291
CIGARS
 3,254a 2,937 1,719 1,600 1,535a 1,337
ALCOHOL
 4,229 4,381 1,972a 2,174 2,257 2,208
70405
Table 4.13B – Mean Age at First Use among Past Year Initiates of Substance Use Aged 12 or Older, by Gender: 2005 and 2006
Substance
 MEAN AGE
Total
 Male
 Female
2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
a Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
b Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level.
1 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
2 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
3 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005 and 2006.
ILLICIT DRUGS1
 22.0 19.1 19.2 19.2 24.1 19.0
Marijuana and Hashish 20.6 17.4 19.0 17.4 22.0 17.4
Cocaine 20.2 20.7 20.8 21.0 19.4 20.3
Crack 23.4 24.1 22.0 23.9 24.5 24.5
Heroin 22.2 20.7 22.6 20.0 21.7 21.8
Hallucinogens 18.7 19.7 19.2a 17.8 18.0b 21.2
LSD 18.3 19.4 18.9 19.3 16.8 19.6
PCP 16.5 16.3 16.6 15.8 16.4 16.7
Ecstasy 20.8 21.1 21.3a 19.1 20.2 22.6
Inhalants 16.1 15.7 16.4 15.7 15.8 15.6
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics2 24.8 23.1 22.6 21.5 26.3 24.2
Pain Relievers 23.6 22.4 21.9 21.9 24.9 22.8
OxyContin® 26.3 23.8 27.4 23.6 24.8 24.1
Tranquilizers 26.7a 24.2 25.8 22.9 27.4 25.1
Stimulants 20.1a 23.0 20.2 19.7 20.1b 24.7
Sedatives 35.0 30.0 28.4 19.9 38.4 33.4
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA1
 22.5 20.9 19.9 20.1 24.3a 21.5
CIGARETTES
 17.3 17.1 17.2 16.7 17.3 17.4
Daily Cigarette Use3 19.7 19.3 19.2 19.9 20.2 18.7
SMOKELESS TOBACCO
 18.5 20.3 18.3 19.9 18.9 21.3
CIGARS
 22.2 21.4 19.8 20.0 24.8 23.1
ALCOHOL
 16.8 16.6 16.7 16.5 16.9 16.6
70405
Table 4.14B – Mean Age at First Use among Past Year Initiates of Substance Use Aged 12 or Older Who Initiated Use Prior to the Age of 18, by Gender: 2005 and 2006
Substance
 MEAN AGE
Total
 Male
 Female
2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
a Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
b Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level.
1 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
2 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
3 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005 and 2006.
ILLICIT DRUGS1
 14.6b 14.9 14.7a 15.0 14.6a 14.8
Marijuana and Hashish 15.1 15.2 15.1 15.3 15.1 15.2
Cocaine 15.9 15.9 16.2 16.3 15.7 15.6
Crack 16.4 16.1 16.5 16.3 16.3 15.9
Heroin 15.0 15.8 * 16.4 15.1 15.0
Hallucinogens 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.8 15.2 15.4
LSD 15.3 15.6 15.6 15.8 14.7 15.4
PCP 15.3a 14.5 15.8a 14.4 14.9 14.6
Ecstasy 15.6a 15.9 15.7 16.1 15.5 15.8
Inhalants 14.0 14.2 14.1 14.2 14.0 14.2
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics2 15.1 15.2 15.4 15.3 14.9 15.0
Pain Relievers 15.1 15.2 15.4 15.4 14.9 15.0
OxyContin® 15.7 15.6 15.7 15.8 15.7 15.4
Tranquilizers 15.5 15.6 15.8 15.7 15.3 15.6
Stimulants 15.3 15.2 15.5 15.4 15.2 15.1
Sedatives 14.8 14.7 15.1 14.4 14.6 15.0
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA1
 14.7a 14.9 14.9 15.0 14.5 14.8
CIGARETTES
 14.9 15.0 14.9 15.1 14.8 14.8
Daily Cigarette Use3 15.6 15.5 15.8 15.7 15.3 15.4
SMOKELESS TOBACCO
 15.1 15.3 15.1a 15.4 15.1 15.1
CIGARS
 15.3 15.4 15.3 15.4 15.4 15.4
ALCOHOL
 14.8 14.9 14.9 14.9 14.7b 14.9
70405
Table 4.15B – Mean Age at First Use among Past Year Initiates of Substance Use Aged 12 or Older Who Initiated Use Prior to the Age of 21, by Gender: 2005 and 2006
Substance
 MEAN AGE
Total
 Male
 Female
2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
a Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
b Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level.
1 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
2 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
3 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005 and 2006.
ILLICIT DRUGS1
 15.6a 15.8 15.6 15.8 15.6 15.8
Marijuana and Hashish 16.0 16.1 16.0 16.1 16.0 16.1
Cocaine 17.2 17.4 17.4 17.6 17.0 17.2
Crack 17.9 17.6 18.1 17.8 17.5 17.3
Heroin 17.1 17.4 17.4 17.7 16.9 16.8
Hallucinogens 16.7 17.0 17.0 17.1 16.3a 16.9
LSD 16.6a 17.3 16.8a 17.6 16.0 16.9
PCP 15.9 15.8 16.5 15.8 15.3 15.7
Ecstasy 17.2 17.5 17.4 17.7 16.9 17.3
Inhalants 15.0 14.9 15.4 15.1 14.5 14.8
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics2 16.3 16.3 16.5 16.3 16.2 16.4
Pain Relievers 16.3 16.3 16.5 16.3 16.2 16.2
OxyContin® 17.1 16.7 17.1 17.0 17.0 16.4
Tranquilizers 16.9 17.2 17.1 17.3 16.8 17.1
Stimulants 16.5 16.6 16.9 16.7 16.3 16.5
Sedatives 16.0 15.8 16.2 15.6 16.0 16.0
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA1
 15.9 16.1 16.1 16.2 15.7 16.0
CIGARETTES
 15.9a 16.1 15.9a 16.3 15.9 16.0
Daily Cigarette Use3 16.9 16.8 17.0 16.9 16.8 16.8
SMOKELESS TOBACCO
 16.3 16.5 16.3 16.5 16.3 16.3
CIGARS
 16.5 16.5 16.4 16.5 16.7 16.6
ALCOHOL
 15.6a 15.8 15.7 15.9 15.5a 15.7
70405
Table 4.16B – Mean Age at First Use among Past Year Initiates of Substance Use Aged 12 to 49, by Gender: 2005 and 2006
Substance
 MEAN AGE
Total
 Male
 Female
2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
 2005
 2006
*Low precision; no estimate reported.
NOTE: Past Year Initiates are defined as persons who used the substance(s) for the first time in the 12 months prior to date of interview.
a Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.05 level.
b Difference between estimate and 2006 estimate is statistically significant at the 0.01 level.
1 Illicit Drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit Drugs Other Than Marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically.
2 Nonmedical use of prescription-type psychotherapeutics includes the nonmedical use of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, or sedatives and does not include over-the-counter drugs.
3 Daily Cigarette Use is defined as ever smoking every day for at least 30 days.
Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005 and 2006.
ILLICIT DRUGS1
 18.7 19.0 17.7 18.9 19.5 19.0
Marijuana and Hashish 17.4 17.4 17.0 17.4 17.7 17.4
Cocaine 19.7 20.3 19.8 21.0 19.4 19.5
Crack 23.4 22.9 22.0 23.9 24.5 21.3
Heroin 22.2 20.7 22.6 20.0 21.7 21.8
Hallucinogens 18.7 19.7 19.2a 17.8 18.0b 21.2
LSD 18.3 19.4 18.9 19.3 16.8 19.6
PCP 16.5 16.3 16.6 15.8 16.4 16.7
Ecstasy 20.7 20.6 21.1 19.1 20.2 21.9
Inhalants 16.1 15.7 16.4 15.7 15.8 15.6
Nonmedical Use of Psychotherapeutics2 22.2 22.9 21.7 21.2 22.5 24.1
Pain Relievers 21.2 21.9 20.8 21.2 21.5 22.6
OxyContin® 23.2 22.6 21.9 23.3 24.8 21.9
Tranquilizers 25.7 24.0 25.1 22.9 26.1 24.8
Stimulants 20.1a 23.0 20.2 19.7 20.1b 24.7
Sedatives 22.9 26.5 21.9 18.9 23.5a 29.4
ILLICIT DRUGS OTHER THAN MARIJUANA1
 20.5 20.7 19.9 19.9 21.0 21.4
CIGARETTES
 17.3 17.1 17.2 16.7 17.3 17.4
Daily Cigarette Use3 19.7 18.9 19.2 19.0 20.2 18.7
SMOKELESS TOBACCO
 18.3 19.0 18.2 18.5 18.9 20.9
CIGARS
 21.2a 19.9 19.7 18.8 22.9 21.3
ALCOHOL
 16.4 16.6 16.4 16.5 16.4 16.6

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